Background: Moderate-to-late preterm infants (32–34 weeks GA) have increased risk of neonatal morbidities compared to term infants, however dedicated nutritional guidelines are lacking. Methods: Moderate-to-late preterm infants received a preterm formula (n = 17) or breastmilk (n = 24) from age 2–10 weeks in a non-randomized, open-label observational study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed bi-weekly. Blood concentrations of hemoglobin, ferritin, serum retinol, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) were analyzed at age 2 and 10 weeks. Result: Average growth per day was 14.7 g/kg BW/day in formula-fed and 12.8 g/kg BW/day in breastmilk-fed infants but not different from each other. Length and head circumference in both groups were in line with the median reference values of the Fenton growth chart. At 10 weeks of age, hemoglobin tended to be higher in the formula-fed group (10.2 g/dL vs. 9.6 g/dL, p = 0.053). 25OHD increased in formula- and breastmilk-fed infants from 73.8 to 180.9 nmol/L and from 70.7 to 97.6 nmol/L, respectively. Serum retinol only increased in the formula-fed group (0.63 to 1.02 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding resulted in adequate growth in moderate-late preterm infants but was limiting in some micronutrients. The preterm formula provided adequate micronutrients, but weight gain velocity was higher than the Fenton reference value. Impact statement: Unfortified breastmilk resulted in adequate growth in weight, length and head circumference in Nigerian moderate to late preterm infants during an study period of 8 weeks, but status of vitamin D, vitamin A and iron needs to be monitored. The high-energy formula, developed for very preterm infants, resulted in higher growth in body weight in moderate to late preterm infants than the median of the Fenton preterm growth chart. This study supports the necessity of dedicated nutritional guidelines, and regular monitoring of growth and nutritional status of moderate to late preterm infants.

This thesis contends that there is a gap between the theological priorities of a school's teachers and theologies that inform White mission, postcolonialism, focused on binary distinctions and aspects of Uganda's ecclesial theology. This puzzle emerged from traumatic experiences that confronted my hitherto propositional faith. The research accessed Ugandan storytelling through a co constructed research methodology to address this vacancy. The ultimate objective was to unveil the teacher’s everyday theology through attentive listening. This empirical data modestly continues the postcolonial conversation with Ugandan voices at the fore. The research context is an educational community in rural Uganda, where I have had continual involvement since 2005. The school was resuming normal activities after a two-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. My Whiteness and the activities I pursue as an NGO Director create a fluid outsider–insider dynamic. Reflexive attentiveness remained paramount. To inform my self-reflections, I analysed contextually relevant literature and maintained a research journal. This reflexive pursuit was critical because experientially, neither the themes of Whiteness nor colonialism would manifest overtly in the participants' accounts. That did not mean they would not be discovered hidden in their stories if I looked diligently. The teachers’ stories are captured using ten face-to-face interviews and a Talking Circle to cede narrative knowledge. The participants’ selection of ‘Key Informants’ to represent them was crucial in maintaining their voice. Data analysis identified eight interconnecting themes. These unveiled a peaceful and relational local theology. Together, they emphasise the collaborative nature of the “ordinary” miraculous whereby Christian communities participate in the saving actions of God. In addition to their transcribed stories, the teachers wanted a creative ‘takeaway’ from the research, which resulted in an unexpected aesthetic drift. We crafted a short poem to represent each motif using a hybrid Afriku-portraiture methodology. This achieved the aim of developing a theological cycle for ongoing community use. Such poetic knowledge challenged my experience of White missional theology and doctrines, where objectivity readily negates experience. Instead, the poems are a theological source open to creative imaginings. Whilst arguing that this research contributes relatable knowledge, participant numbers, context, and my subjective experience limit this claim. Further studies using a replicable approach would progress this research's findings.

Large language models (LLMs) can provide users with false, inaccurate, or misleading information, and we consider the output of this type of information as what Natale calls ‘banal’ deceptive behaviour [53]. Here, we investigate peoples’ perceptions of ChatGPT-generated deceptive behaviour and how this affects people’s behaviour and trust. To do this, we use a mixed-methods approach comprising of (i) an online survey with 220 participants and (ii) semi-structured interviews with 12 participants. Our results show that (i) the most common types of deceptive information encountered were over-simplifications and outdated information; (ii) humans’ perceptions of trust and chat-worthiness of ChatGPT are impacted by ‘banal’ deceptive behaviour; (iii) the perceived responsibility for deception is influenced by education level and the perceived frequency of deceptive information; and (iv) users become more cautious after encountering deceptive information, but they come to trust the technology more when they identify advantages of using it. Our findings contribute to understanding human-AI interaction dynamics in the context of Deceptive AI Ecosystems and highlight the importance of user-centric approaches to mitigating the potential harms of deceptive AI technologies.

In this work, we investigate a class of nonlinear stochastic Volterra-type evolution equations, which can be regarded as an extension of the results reported in Qiao et al. (Fract Calc Appl Anal 27:1136–1161, 2024). For such equations, we propose an Euler scheme and rigorously establish the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of the solution. Moreover, we present the detailed numerical implementation of the scheme and derive the corresponding error estimates.

In this study, we examined how a critical posttranscriptional regulator, the RNA‐binding protein HuR (gene name Elavl1), contributes to the development and maintenance of limb skeletal tissue. Using the Prx1‐Cre knockout model, we examined the effect of germline knockout (Elavl1KO) and limb mesenchyme‐specific knockout (MSC‐Elavl1KO) of HuR on limb development. We found that Elavl1KO disrupted the development of the limb skeleton and was associated with a loss of signaling from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). In contrast, MSC‐Elavl1KO did not appear to affect skeletal development. Mature MSC‐Elavl1KO mice appeared healthy, but their limb skeleton exhibited abnormal bone structure in both males and females at 2.5 months of age. Osteoblasts isolated from MSC‐Elavl1KO mice exhibited lower expression of osteoblastic marker genes, and their ability to generate a mineralized matrix was markedly impaired. RNA‐Seq analysis of these osteoblasts demonstrated that loss of HuR substantially influenced their transcriptome, affecting genes associated with a wide range of cellular processes. Finally, using siRNA knockdown in the human MG63 cell line, we identified that loss of HuR leads to increased mRNA turnover of the osteoblastic transcription factor Runx2. Overall, the study has demonstrated a critical role for HuR‐mediated posttranscriptional control in skeletal development and homeostasis, but finds that its expression in mesenchyme‐derived cells only becomes critical in mature skeletal tissue.

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) can be used in aging infrastructures as a reinforcement because of their excellent mechanical properties, and they can also be used in the support maintenance and repair work of these structures. However, the development of CFRPs as reinforcement while achieving self-powered damage detection is still challenging. Herein, a sodium potassium niobate (KNN) nanoparticle-filled epoxy (KNN–EP) plate was fabricated and combined with advanced CFRP electrodes. The obtained composites exhibited dramatically enhanced mechanical properties. In addition, CFRP contributed to the energy harvesting output (peak-to-peak output voltage V p p  = 7.25 mV), which was over 600 % higher than that of the KNN–EP plate. Thus, this composite could work as a force sensor for damage detection. In the end-notch bending test, the voltage signals generated by CFRP/KNN–EP composite accurately corresponded to the crack growth, which could provide the real-time crack state and prediction of fracture occurrence. Therefore, this work provided a new strategy for structural enhancement and kinetic energy harvesting, which can be used to detect damage behavior in infrastructures.

Purpose: Elite interviewing is a well-established area of interview research methods. Nevertheless, the actual casting of an “elite” has been generally conducted in a prima facie or broad manner. A consideration of entrepreneurs and owner-managers as “elites” has been less profiled and received less attention, therefore the paper views the entrepreneurs and owner-managers as constituting a form of “local elite” within given and varying sectorial, regional and community boundaries. The authors argue that a consideration of entrepreneurs as “local elites” and transferring knowledge from an elite interviewing perspective may strongly support scholarly research in the entrepreneurship field. Design/methodology/approach: The study conducts a comprehensive narrative literature review of elite interviewing literature and transfers key methodological insights to the entrepreneurship field. The methodological contribution based on literature is complemented by experiences and observations from an extensive inductive interview study with over 30 entrepreneurs of German manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) and are used to reflect on, and refine, interview research approaches with entrepreneurs. Findings: The reflections and discussions in this paper provide valuable insights for other researchers conducting research in entrepreneurship domains regarding the power dynamics of negotiating access, procedural issues of interviews and thereby enhancing the quality of data. Originality/value: The contribution to knowledge is mainly of a methodological nature. While the paper takes a novel act of recasting elite interviewing in the SME and entrepreneurship context, the paper methodologically contributes to the entrepreneurship and elite interview literature thereby facilitating higher quality interviews.

A co-author’s name was published incorrectly in the original publication of the article. The author name “Muffadal Bharmal” should be “Mufaddal Bharmal”. The original article has been updated accordingly.

Introduction/purpose: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition thought to affect 1 in 100 children globally. More commonly diagnosed in males, and during childhood, diagnoses are increasingly being made throughout adulthood. Purpose: To establish what age autistic people receive their diagnosis, and whether the age of diagnosis was influenced by their sex and by the presence of intellectual disability. Design: A quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Data was collected from the Primary Care records of 6 GP Practices covering Ellesmere Port, a large town in Northwest England with 71,210 people registered. Mean age of diagnosis was calculated for the group then for each subgroup, to allow comparison between males and females, and those with and without a documented intellectual disability. Findings: Data from 1130 autistic participants were analysed. Age of participants was between 3 - 81 years with an age of autism diagnosis of 1 - 72 years. 85.6% of participants were diagnosed with autism by the age of 25 years, most commonly at 3 years of age (11.9%). The average age of diagnosis was 2.48 years later for females diagnosed across the lifespan. Average age of diagnosis was 5.05 years later for those with a learning disability. Practical implications: This study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals, educators and care givers recognising autistic traits in people across the lifespan, including the potential for diagnostic overshadowing. There are implications for commissioning autistic services, to ensure adequate assessment pathway capacity for adolescents and adults as well as children.

Aims: To explore what content, teaching and learning activities are advocated by nurse educators to mitigate moral distress and related concepts in student nurses. Review Methods: The review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The search strategy adopted their three-step method for systematic reviews. The eligibility criteria reflected the Population, Concept, Context format. Results: Following searches, 3809 records were screened against eligibility criteria, resulting in 42 eligible papers being included; 29 research studies and 13 non-empirical papers. We identified 236 content suggestions, mapped to 70 subject codes. Also, 217 teaching and learning activities are suggested and mapped to 41 coded activities. Data is charted in tables and figures and results are discussed per related concept of moral distress. Conclusions: Educational content, and teaching and learning activities are heterogenous across the concepts influencing moral distress. There is overlap of content across different concepts. Moral sensitivity received the most publications. Development of research and educational strategies addressing other interrelated concepts would be advantageous for evidence-based curriculum development. Recommendations are made to develop evidence-based content and teaching and learning activities.