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Situational factors shape moral judgments in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern, and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Bago, Bence
; 
Kovacs, Marton
; 
Protzko, John
; 
Nagy, Tamas
; 
Kekecs, Zoltan
; 
Palfi, Bence
; 
Adamkovič, Matúš
; 
Adamus, Sylwia
; 
Albalooshi, Sumaya
; 
Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
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Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University; University of California; University of Sussex; Imperial College London; University of Prešov; Charles University, Prague; Jagiellonian University; University of Groningen; London School of Economics and Political Science; Open University; Universitas Airlangga; Yaşar University; Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam; University of Porto; Universidad de los Andes; Radboud University; University of Oslo; The University of Western Ontario; Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon; De La Salle University; University of Crete; American University of Beirut; Saint Joseph’s University; Australian Catholic University; Franklin and Marshall College; Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice; Başkent University; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Université de Toulouse; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC); University of Wrocław; IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca; GAME Science Research Center, Lucca; University of St. Gallen; University of Florence; Universidad de Lima; Georgia Gwinnett College; Harrisburg University of Science and Technology; Government College University; California State University San Marcos; Ashland University; Michigan State University; Chulalongkorn University; Nanjing Normal University; Delft University of Technology; Pamukkale University; University of Zadar; Autonomous University of Madrid; Goethe University; University of Tehran; Koç University; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Amsterdam; University of Zagreb; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University; George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; University of Vienna; University College London; University of Navarra; University of Greenwich; University of Hong Kong; Kingston University London; Vienna University of Economics and Business; Comenius University in Bratislava; University of Cologne; Aarhus University; University of East London; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Macquarie University; Boston University; University of Palermo; Wilfrid Laurier University; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Université Savoie Mont-Blanc; New Bulgarian University; New York University; Singapore Management University; University of Portsmouth; University of California Davis; Kyushu University; University of Toronto; Queensland University of Technology; Centre for Behavioural Economics, Brisbane; Montfort College; Tilburg University; University of Nottingham Malaysia; University of Belgrade; University of Southern California; University of Chester; Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University; Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey; University of Salzburg; University of Warsaw; University of Kent; Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics; University Paris Nanterre; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; Occidental College; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Nanjing University; Northwest University, Xi’an; University of Brasília; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Lakehead University; Dalhousie University; Ashoka University; Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu; Lancaster University; The University of Western Australia; State University of New York at Fredonia; University of Wisconsin-Stout; Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods; University of Waikato; University of Oxford; Duke University; University of Auckland; Florida International University; Universitas Indonesia; University of the Philippines Diliman; Busara Center for Behavioral Economics; Üsküdar University; Maastricht University; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Karolinska Institutet; University of Silesia in Katowice; University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot; University of Mississippi; Ege University; University of Exeter; Lomonosov Moscow State University; De La Salle University Psychology; University of Geneva; UniDistance Switzerland; University of Konstanz; Nicholls State University; University of Brasilia; Witten/Herdecke University; FOM University of Applied Sciences; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien; Kazguu University; University of Lisbon; Prague University of Economics and Busines; University of Siegen; Southern Illinois University; University of Essex; Manisa Celal Bayar University; The University of Queensland; University of Denver; University of Bonn; Romanian Academy; Babeș-Bolyai University; T A Pai Management Institute; Swansea University; University of Konstanz; Université de Nîmes; United Arab Emirates University; Ithaca College; Skidmore College; Universidad Católica del Norte; Osaka City University; Kadir Has University; University of Dayton; Manhattan College; Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education; University of Copenhagen; Louisiana State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences
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2022-04-14
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Abstract
The study of moral judgements often centers on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (i.e., emphasizing rules, individual rights, and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (i.e., following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (e.g., the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (e.g., trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors of moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention, exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
Citation
Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Adamkovic, M., Adamus, S., Albalooshi, S., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Alfian, I. N., Alper, S., Alvarez-Solas, S., Alves, S. G., Amaya, S., Andresen, P. K., Anjum, G., Ansari, D., Arriaga, P., ... Stewart, S. (2022). Situational factors shape moral judgments in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern, and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 880–895. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
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Nature Research
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Nature Human Behaviour
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http://hdl.handle.net/10034/626704
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10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
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This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
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2397-3374
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01319-5
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