Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale
| dc.contributor.author | Smith, Dave | * |
| dc.contributor.author | Hale, Bruce | * |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2009-06-16T15:23:37Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2009-06-16T15:23:37Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2004-04 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004, 38(2), pp. 177-181 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0306-3674 | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1136/bjsm.2002.003269 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10034/70634 | |
| dc.description | This article is not available through ChesterRep | |
| dc.description.abstract | Objectives: To investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the bodybuilding dependence scale and to investigate differences in bodybuilding dependence between men and women and competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders. Methods: Seventy two male competitive bodybuilders, 63 female competitive bodybuilders, 87 male non-competitive bodybuilders, and 63 non-competitive female bodybuilders completed the bodybuilding dependence scale (BDS), the exercise dependence questionnaire (EDQ), and the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BDS supported a three factor model of bodybuilding dependence, consisting of social dependence, training dependence, and mastery dependence (Q = 3.16, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.04). Internal reliability of all three subscales was high (Cronbach’s = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively). Significant (p<0.001) and moderate correlations were found between all BDS and MDI subscales, and between five of the eight EDQ subscales. A multivariate analysis of covariance, with univariate F tests and Tukey HSD tests, revealed that both male and female competitive bodybuilders scored significantly (p<0.05) higher on all three BDS subscales than the male and female non-competitive bodybuilders. However, there were no significant sex differences on any of the BDS subscales (p>0.05). Conclusion: The three factor BDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of bodybuilding dependence. Symptoms of bodybuilding dependence are more prevalent in competitive bodybuilders than non-competitive ones, but there are no significant sex differences in bodybuilding dependence. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This article was submitted to the RAE2008 for the University of Chester - Allied Health Professions and Studies. | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en |
| dc.publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine | |
| dc.relation.url | http://bjsm.bmj.com/ | en |
| dc.subject | bodybuilding | en |
| dc.subject | exercise dependence | en |
| dc.subject | muscle dysmorphia | en |
| dc.title | Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale | en |
| dc.type | Article | en |
| dc.contributor.department | University College Chester ; University of Maine | |
| dc.identifier.journal | British Journal of Sports Medicine | en |
| html.description.abstract | Objectives: To investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the bodybuilding dependence scale and to investigate differences in bodybuilding dependence between men and women and competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders. Methods: Seventy two male competitive bodybuilders, 63 female competitive bodybuilders, 87 male non-competitive bodybuilders, and 63 non-competitive female bodybuilders completed the bodybuilding dependence scale (BDS), the exercise dependence questionnaire (EDQ), and the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BDS supported a three factor model of bodybuilding dependence, consisting of social dependence, training dependence, and mastery dependence (Q = 3.16, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.04). Internal reliability of all three subscales was high (Cronbach’s = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively). Significant (p<0.001) and moderate correlations were found between all BDS and MDI subscales, and between five of the eight EDQ subscales. A multivariate analysis of covariance, with univariate F tests and Tukey HSD tests, revealed that both male and female competitive bodybuilders scored significantly (p<0.05) higher on all three BDS subscales than the male and female non-competitive bodybuilders. However, there were no significant sex differences on any of the BDS subscales (p>0.05). Conclusion: The three factor BDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of bodybuilding dependence. Symptoms of bodybuilding dependence are more prevalent in competitive bodybuilders than non-competitive ones, but there are no significant sex differences in bodybuilding dependence. |