Misogyny, misogynoir and violent online rhetoric against women and girls in sport: The case of Joey Barton

Abstract

Research question: This study adopts an intersectional feminist lens to investigate misogynistic and violent online rhetoric directed at women and girls in sport, focusing on the case of former footballer and heavy social media user, Joey Barton. This research aims to fill the gap in understanding how online platforms provide an outlet for, and in many ways amplify, misogyny, creating a hostile environment for female athletes. Research methods: The study employs a thematic analysis of social media data, examining three specific trigger events where Barton targeted women with abusive language: his comments on goalkeeper Mary Earps winning Sports Personality of the Year, his attacks on football pundit Eni Aluko, and his criticism of young goalkeeper Ava Easdon. This qualitative analysis focuses on the nature of the public response and the discursive strategies used. Results and Findings: The findings reveal a pervasive culture of misogyny and online violence directed at women in sport. Barton's behaviour highlights the intersection of gender, race, and online violence, demonstrating how social media platforms can amplify harmful content. Key themes identified include widespread public condemnation, calls for accountability, intersectional violence, and the symbolic use of emojis to convey hostility. Implications: The study highlights the urgent need for effective countermeasures to protect women athletes from abuse and the role of social media platforms in perpetuating harmful content. It also calls for increased accountability and the implementation of robust policies to safeguard female athletes online.