Climate change readiness in Arab universities: Policy paths for the future of climate action

Abstract

Climate change is a growing global crisis with far-reaching implications for environmental, economic, social, and public health stability. The Arab region, comprising 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), faces unique challenges due to its arid climate, limited freshwater resources, and reliance on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and energy. Rising temperatures, intensified heatwaves, and increasing water scarcity have already begun to disrupt ecosystems, exacerbate food insecurity, and challenge the region’s socio-economic development. Given the region’s projected population growth and the expected decline in agricultural productivity, it is crucial to identify sustainable pathways to address these interconnected crises. Universities, as key institutions of knowledge, research, and societal engagement, hold significant potential in tackling climate change and driving adaptation and mitigation strategies. This paper examines how Arab universities can contribute more effectively to climate action, focusing on their roles in research, curriculum development, sustainable campus operations, and community outreach. Through a combination of PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis, expert surveys, and Policy Pathways Mapping, the study assesses the factors influencing the ability of Arab universities to engage in climate change initiatives. It identifies key barriers, including inadequate funding, fragmented research efforts, and weak policy integration, as well as opportunities for improving institutional responses to climate challenges. The paper proposes strategic policy pathways that emphasize the importance of regional collaboration, sustainable financing, and the integration of climate change into educational frameworks. It further outlines actionable recommendations for enhancing universities' roles in climate change mitigation and adaptation, such as fostering interdisciplinary research, expanding climate literacy, adopting green campus practices, and strengthening community engagement. By implementing these policy pathways, Arab universities can become critical drivers of change in the region’s climate response efforts, advancing both national and global climate goals. The paper concludes with a call for a comprehensive, coordinated approach to align higher education institutions with climate action frameworks and policies, ensuring that universities fulfill their potential as leaders in climate resilience and sustainability.