Person-centred care in the management of imaging-related anxiety in diagnostic radiography: a scoping review exploring cancer and non-cancer populations

Abstract

Introduction: The potential anxiety invoked by diagnostic imaging procedures intensifies in cancer diagnoses, with the term ‘scanxiety’ originating from the additional fear associated with cancer imaging. This emphasises the importance of a person-centred approach to care. This scoping review mapped the literature regarding imaging-related anxiety, ‘scanxiety’, and person-centred care. Methods: Databases used were Cinahl Plus; Proquest; PubMed; Scopus; Web of Science; PsycINFO, and Cochrane. Broad search terms were utilised to maximise results, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Limiters were English language articles within the previous 10 years. Further to systematic filtering and critical appraisal, 60 studies were included. Results: Findings were organised in four themes: ‘Quantification and causes of anxiety’; ‘The nature of imaging procedures’; ‘Perceptions of Person-centredness’; and ‘Service and staffing factors’. MRI and PET/CT cause the highest procedural stress. Fear of results causes greater, and more sustained, anxiety in cancer patients than other groups, creating complex emotional needs. The physiological effects of anxiety can adversely affect image quality and ability to complete scans. Human interaction is central to managing anxiety, but service pressures and staff emotional labour influence care delivery. Most existing person-centred care research in imaging relates to generic populations, with limited focus on how diagnostic radiography staff can support people with cancer. Conclusion: Although the psychosocial needs of those undergoing cancer imaging are greater than in other diagnoses, more research is needed into the benefits of a person-centred approach and the support and education needs of staff working in this field. Implications for practice: Understanding experiences of cancer imaging, from both patient and staff perspectives, including any facilitators and barriers to care, would support development of a model for person-centred care in this specialist area.