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dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Noor A.
dc.contributor.authorLewis, Kirstie
dc.contributor.authorHodges, Nikolas
dc.contributor.authorMichelangeli, Francesco
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-22T01:51:44Z
dc.date.available2023-06-22T01:51:44Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-13
dc.identifierdoi: 10.1002/jbt.23397
dc.identifier.citationMohammed, N. A., Lewis, K., Hodges, N., & Michelangeli, F. (2023). Mechanisms of cell death induced by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) involves apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, vol(issue), e23397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.23397
dc.identifier.issn1095-6670
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/jbt.23397
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10034/627873
dc.descriptionThis article is not available on ChesterRep
dc.description.abstractHexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), was a widely utilized brominated flame retardant, commonly found in a wide range of household products. The pervasiveness of HBCD has identified the presence of this chemical in foods and in human tissues. Therefore, HBCD has been identified as a chemical of concern. The aim was to investigate the degree of cytotoxicity of HBCD in a range of cell lines derived from different tissues, (including hematopoietic, nerve, liver, and kidney-derived cells) with a view of determining any differential cell type effects. In addition, this study also investigated the mechanism(s) by which HBCD could cause cell death. The results showed that HCBD was considerably more toxic to leukocyte-derived (RBL2H3) and neuronal-derived (SHSY-5Y) cells with LC50 values of 1.5 and 6.1 µM, respectively, compared to cells derived from liver (HepG2) and kidney (Cos-7), which had LC50 values of 28.5 and 17.5 µM, respectively. A detailed investigation of the mechanism(s) of cell death showed that HBCD caused, at least in part, Ca2+-dependent cell death, caspase-activated apoptosis, and autophagy, but there was little evidence for either necrosis or necroptosis occurring. Furthermore, it was shown that HBCD can also induce the ER stress response which is a known trigger of both apoptosis and autophagy and therefore this could be one of the crucial events by which cell death is initiated. As each of these cell death mechanisms was investigated in at least two different cell lines and no differences were identified, it is likely that the mode of action is not cell-type specific.
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.urlhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbt.23397
dc.rightsLicence for VoR version of this article starting on 2023-06-13: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
dc.sourcepissn: 1095-6670
dc.sourceeissn: 1099-0461
dc.subjectHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
dc.subjectToxicology
dc.subjectMolecular Biology
dc.subjectMolecular Medicine
dc.subjectBiochemistry
dc.subjectGeneral Medicine
dc.titleMechanisms of cell death induced by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) involves apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress
dc.typeArticle
dc.identifier.eissn1099-0461
dc.contributor.departmentUniversity of Birmingham; University of Duhok; University of Chester
dc.identifier.journalJournal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology
dc.date.updated2023-06-22T01:51:44Z
dc.date.accepted2023-06-02


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