Activity for Healthy Ageing: A Review of Interventions to Improve Health and Wellbeing in Older People

Abstract

In the right setting, with the right support and the right opportunities, older people gain health, wellbeing, enjoyment and social engagement from physical activity. Social inclusion and physical activity are essential for ageing well. This report has reviewed 53 research papers (49 of them primary research) from the last five years that have studied the relationship between physical activity and its effectiveness in improving the health and wellbeing of older people. Not all of the positive outcomes can be measured as they are feelings of happiness, friendship, belonging and satisfaction with personal achievement; others can be measured in terms of cardiovascular fitness, body mass index (BMI), functional fitness and walking speed, balance and muscle strength. They are all important. It is essential to address the biopsychosocial aspects of our lives to promote ageing well for all. To be effective in supporting older people, the whole community must be engaged in supporting each other. Qualified instructors are essential, but employing the leadership and networking skills of older people themselves and offering a wide variety of group activities at central hubs and using outdoor, open-access facilities will provide more opportunities for engagement and support. Promoting social interaction as part of the offerings is essential, while promoting inclusivity and involving stakeholders in feedback, decisions and organisation is vital to success in promoting health, wellbeing and successful ageing through physical activity. Please see the recommendations at the end of the report for a summary of how the evidence can be applied.