Situational factors shape moral judgments in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern, and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
Authors
Bago, BenceKovacs, Marton
Protzko, John
Nagy, Tamas
Kekecs, Zoltan
Palfi, Bence
Adamkovič, Matúš
Adamus, Sylwia
Albalooshi, Sumaya
Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
Alper, Sinan
Álvarez Solas, Sara
Alves, Sara
Amaya, Santiago
Andresen, Pia
Anjum, Gulnaz
Ansari, Daniel
Arriaga, Patrícia
Aruta, John Jamir Benzon
Arvanitis, Alexios
Babincak, Peter
Barzykowski, Krystian
Bashour, Bana
Baskin, Ernest
Batalha, Luisa
Batres, Carlota
Bavolar, Jozef
Bayrak, Fatih
Becker, Maja
Becker, Benjamin
Belaus, Anabel
Bialek, Michal
Bilancini, Ennio
Boller, Daniel
Boncinelli, Leonardo
Boudesseul, Jordane
Brown, Benjamin
Buchanan, Erin M.
Butt, Muhammad
Calvillo, Dustin
Carnes, Nate
Celniker, Jared
Chartier, Christopher
Chopik, William
Chotikavan, Poom
Chuan-Peng, Hu
Clancy, Rockwell
Çoker, Ogeday
Correia, Rita
Cubela Adoric, Vera
Cubillas, Carmelo
Czoschke, Stefan
Daryani, Yalda
de Grefte, Job
de Vries, Wieteke
Demirag Burak, Elif
Dias, Carina
Dixson, Barnaby
Du, Xinkai
Dumančić, Francesca
Dumbravă, Andrei
Dutra, Natalia
Enachescu, Janina
Esteban-Serna, Celia
Eudave, Luis
Evans, Thomas R.
Feldman, Gilad
Felisberi, Fatima
Fiedler, Susann
Findor, Andrej
Fleischmann, Alexandra
Foroni, Francesco
Francová, Radka
Frank, Darius-Aurel
Fu, Cynthia
Gao, Shan
Ghasemi, Omid
Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza
Ghossainy, Maliki
Giammusso, Isabella
Gill, Tripat
Gjoneska, Biljana
Gollwitzer, Mario
Graton, Aurélien
Grinberg, Maurice
Groyecka-Bernard, Agata
Harris, Elizabeth
Hartanto, Andree
Hassan, Widad
Hatami, Javad
Heimark, Katrina
Hidding, Jasper
Hristova, Evgeniya
Hruška, Matej
Hudson, Charlotte
Huskey, Richard
Ikeda, Ayumi
Inbar, Yoel
Ingram, Gordon
Isler, Ozan
Isloi, Chris
Iyer, Aishwarya
Jaeger, Bastian
Janssen, Steve
Jimenez-Leal, William
Jokić, Biljana
Kačmár, Pavol
Kadreva, Veselina
Kaminski, Gwenaël
Kasper, Teunis Adiraan
Kendrick, Keith
Kennedy, Bradley J.
Kocalar, Halil Emre
Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan
Kodapanakkal, Rabia
Kowal, Marta
Kruse, Elliott
Kucerová, Lenka
Kühberger, Anton
Kuzminska, Anna
Lalot, Fanny
Lamm, Claus
Lammers, Joris
Lange, Elke
Lantian, Anthony
Lau, Ivy
Lazarević, Ljiljana
Leliveld, Marijke
Lenz, Jennifer
Levitan, Carmel
Lewis, Savannah
Li, Manyu
Li, Yansong
Li, Haozheng
Lima, Tiago
Lins, Samuel
Liuzza, Marco Tullio
Lopes, Paula
Lu, Jackson
Lynds, Trent
Máčel, Martin
Mackinnon, Sean
Maganti, Madhavilatha
Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe
Magson, Leon
Manley, Harry
Marcu, Gabriela
Maslić Seršić, Darja
Matibag, Celine-Justine
Mattiassi, Alan
Mazidi, Mahdi
McFall, Joseph
McLatchie, Neil
Mensink, Michael
Miketta, Lena
Milfont, Taciano
Mirisola, Alberto
Misiak, Michal
Mitkidis, Panagiotis
Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad
Monajem, Arash
Moreau, David
Musser, Erica
Narhetali, Erita
Nuralfian, Ilhan
Ochoa, Danielle
Olsen, Jerome
Owsley, Nicholas
Özdoğru, Asil A.
Panning, Miriam
Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta
Parashar, Neha
Pärnamets, Philip
Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola
Parzuchowski, Michal
Paterlini, Julia Valeiro
Pavlacic, Jeffrey
Peker, Mehmet
Peters, Kim
Piatnitckaia, Liudmila
Pinto, Isabel
Policarpio, Monica Renee
Pop-Jordanova, Nada
Pratama, Annas
Primbs, Maximilian
Pronizius, Ekaterina
Purić, Danka
Puvia, Elisa
Qamari, Vahid
Qian, Kun
Quiamzade, Alain
Ráczová, Beáta
Reinero, Diego
Reips, Ulf-Dietrich
Reyna, Cecilia
Reynolds, Kimberley
Ribeiro, Matheus
Röer, Jan
Ross, Robert M.
Roussos, Petros
Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando
Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana
Rutjens, Bastiaan
Rybus, Katarzyna
Samekin, Adil
Santos, Anabela
Say, Nicholas
Schild, Christoph
Schmidt, Kathleen
Sharifian, Mohammad Hasan
Ścigala, Karolina
Shi, Bill
Sievers, Erin
Shi, Yaoxi
Sirota, Miroslav
Slipenkyj, Michael
Solak, Çağlar
Sorokowska, Agnieszka
Sorokowski, Piotr
Söylemez, Sinem
Steffens, Niklas
Stephen, Ian
Sternisko, Anni
Stevens-Wilson, Laura
Stewart, Suzanne L. K.
Stieger, Stefan
Storage, Daniel
Strube, Justine
Susa, Kyle
Szekely-Copîndean, Raluca
Szostak, Natalia
Takwin, Bagus
Tatachari, Srinivasan
Thomas, Andrew
Tiede, Kevin
Tiong, Lucas
Tonkovic, Mirjana
Trémolière, Bastien
Tunstead, Lauren
Türkan, Belgüzar
Twardawski, Mathias
Vadillo, Miguel
Vally, Zahir
Vaughn, Leigh Ann
Verschuere, Bruno
Vlašiček, Denis
Voracek, Martin
Vranka, Marek
Wang, Shuzhen
West, Skye-Loren
Whyte, Stephen
Wilton, Leigh
Wlodarczyk, Anna
Wu, Xue
Xin, Fei
Yadanar, Su
Yama, Hiroshi
Yamada, Yuki
Yilmaz, Onurcan
Yoon, Sangsuk
Young, Danielle
Zakharov, Ilya
Zein, Rizqy
Zettler, Ingo
Žeželj, Iris
Zhang, Don
Zhang, Jin
Zheng, Xiaoxiao
Hoekstra, Rink
Aczel, Balazs
Affiliation
Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University; University of California; University of Sussex; Imperial College London; University of Prešov; Charles University, Prague; Jagiellonian University; University of Groningen; London School of Economics and Political Science; Open University; Universitas Airlangga; Yaşar University; Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam; University of Porto; Universidad de los Andes; Radboud University; University of Oslo; The University of Western Ontario; Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon; De La Salle University; University of Crete; American University of Beirut; Saint Joseph’s University; Australian Catholic University; Franklin and Marshall College; Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice; Başkent University; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Université de Toulouse; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC); University of Wrocław; IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca; GAME Science Research Center, Lucca; University of St. Gallen; University of Florence; Universidad de Lima; Georgia Gwinnett College; Harrisburg University of Science and Technology; Government College University; California State University San Marcos; Ashland University; Michigan State University; Chulalongkorn University; Nanjing Normal University; Delft University of Technology; Pamukkale University; University of Zadar; Autonomous University of Madrid; Goethe University; University of Tehran; Koç University; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Amsterdam; University of Zagreb; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University; George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; University of Vienna; University College London; University of Navarra; University of Greenwich; University of Hong Kong; Kingston University London; Vienna University of Economics and Business; Comenius University in Bratislava; University of Cologne; Aarhus University; University of East London; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Macquarie University; Boston University; University of Palermo; Wilfrid Laurier University; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Université Savoie Mont-Blanc; New Bulgarian University; New York University; Singapore Management University; University of Portsmouth; University of California Davis; Kyushu University; University of Toronto; Queensland University of Technology; Centre for Behavioural Economics, Brisbane; Montfort College; Tilburg University; University of Nottingham Malaysia; University of Belgrade; University of Southern California; University of Chester; Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University; Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey; University of Salzburg; University of Warsaw; University of Kent; Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics; University Paris Nanterre; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; Occidental College; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Nanjing University; Northwest University, Xi’an; University of Brasília; “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Lakehead University; Dalhousie University; Ashoka University; Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu; Lancaster University; The University of Western Australia; State University of New York at Fredonia; University of Wisconsin-Stout; Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods; University of Waikato; University of Oxford; Duke University; University of Auckland; Florida International University; Universitas Indonesia; University of the Philippines Diliman; Busara Center for Behavioral Economics; Üsküdar University; Maastricht University; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Karolinska Institutet; University of Silesia in Katowice; University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot; University of Mississippi; Ege University; University of Exeter; Lomonosov Moscow State University; De La Salle University Psychology; University of Geneva; UniDistance Switzerland; University of Konstanz; Nicholls State University; University of Brasilia; Witten/Herdecke University; FOM University of Applied Sciences; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien; Kazguu University; University of Lisbon; Prague University of Economics and Busines; University of Siegen; Southern Illinois University; University of Essex; Manisa Celal Bayar University; The University of Queensland; University of Denver; University of Bonn; Romanian Academy; Babeș-Bolyai University; T A Pai Management Institute; Swansea University; University of Konstanz; Université de Nîmes; United Arab Emirates University; Ithaca College; Skidmore College; Universidad Católica del Norte; Osaka City University; Kadir Has University; University of Dayton; Manhattan College; Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education; University of Copenhagen; Louisiana State University; Chinese Academy of SciencesPublication Date
2022-04-14
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The study of moral judgements often centers on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (i.e., emphasizing rules, individual rights, and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (i.e., following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (e.g., the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (e.g., trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors of moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention, exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.Citation
Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Adamkovic, M., Adamus, S., Albalooshi, S., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Alfian, I. N., Alper, S., Alvarez-Solas, S., Alves, S. G., Amaya, S., Andresen, P. K., Anjum, G., Ansari, D., Arriaga, P., ... Stewart, S. (2022). Situational factors shape moral judgments in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern, and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 880–895. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5Publisher
Nature ResearchJournal
Nature Human BehaviourAdditional Links
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01319-5https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01403-w
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This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5ISSN
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2397-3374ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
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