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    Isotopic signatures of methane emissions from tropical fires, agriculture and wetlands: the MOYA and ZWAMPS flights

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    Authors
    MOYA/ZWAMPS Team
    Nisbet, Euan G.
    Allen, Grant
    Fisher, Rebecca E.
    France, James L.
    Lee, James D.
    Lowry, David
    Andrade, Marcos F.
    Bannan, Thomas J.
    Barker, Patrick
    Bateson, Prudence
    Bauguitte, Stéphane J.-B.
    Bower, Keith N.
    Broderick, Tim J.
    Chibesakunda, Francis
    Cain, Michelle
    Cozens, Alice E.
    Daly, Michael C.
    Ganesan, Anita L.
    Jones, Anna E.
    Lambakasa, Musa
    Lunt, Mark F.
    Mehra, Archit
    Moreno, Isabel
    Pasternak, Dominika
    Palmer, Paul I.
    Percival, Carl J.
    Pitt, Joseph R.
    Riddle, Amber J.
    Rigby, Matthew
    Shaw, Jacob T.
    Stell, Angharad C.
    Vaughan, Adam R.
    Warwick, Nicola J.
    Wilde, Shona E.
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    Publication Date
    2021-12-06
    Submitted date
    2021-03-29
    
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    Abstract
    We report methane isotopologue data from aircraft and ground measurements in Africa and South America. Aircraft campaigns sampled strong methane fluxes over tropical papyrus wetlands in the Nile, Congo and Zambezi basins, herbaceous wetlands in Bolivian southern Amazonia, and over fires in African woodland, cropland and savannah grassland. Measured methane δ13CCH4 isotopic signatures were in the range −55 to −49‰ for emissions from equatorial Nile wetlands and agricultural areas, but widely −60 ± 1‰ from Upper Congo and Zambezi wetlands. Very similar δ13CCH4 signatures were measured over the Amazonian wetlands of NE Bolivia (around −59‰) and the overall δ13CCH4 signature from outer tropical wetlands in the southern Upper Congo and Upper Amazon drainage plotted together was −59 ± 2‰. These results were more negative than expected. For African cattle, δ13CCH4 values were around −60 to −50‰. Isotopic ratios in methane emitted by tropical fires depended on the C3 : C4 ratio of the biomass fuel. In smoke from tropical C3 dry forest fires in Senegal, δ13CCH4 values were around −28‰. By contrast, African C4 tropical grass fire δ13CCH4 values were −16 to −12‰. Methane from urban landfills in Zambia and Zimbabwe, which have frequent waste fires, had δ13CCH4 around −37 to −36‰. These new isotopic values help improve isotopic constraints on global methane budget models because atmospheric δ13CCH4 values predicted by global atmospheric models are highly sensitive to the δ13CCH4 isotopic signatures applied to tropical wetland emissions. Field and aircraft campaigns also observed widespread regional smoke pollution over Africa, in both the wet and dry seasons, and large urban pollution plumes. The work highlights the need to understand tropical greenhouse gas emissions in order to meet the goals of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement, and to help reduce air pollution over wide regions of Africa. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
    Citation
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, volume 380, issue 2215, page 20210112
    Publisher
    The Royal Society
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10034/626537
    Type
    article
    Description
    From The Royal Society via Jisc Publications Router
    History: received 2021-03-29, accepted 2021-08-11, pub-electronic 2021-12-06, pub-print 2022-01-24
    Article version: VoR
    Publication status: Published
    Funder: Natural Environment Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270; Grant(s): NE/N016238/1 MOYA The Global Methane Budget, NE/P019641/1 New methodologies for removal of meth, NE/S00159X/1 ZWAMPS Quantifying Methane Emissions
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