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    The Effect of Authigenic Clays on Fault Zone Permeability

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    Authors
    Farrell, N. J. C.; orcid: 0000-0002-8491-9094; email: natalie.farrell@manchester.ac.uk
    Debenham, N.
    Wilson, L.
    Wilson, M. J.
    Healy, D.; orcid: 0000-0003-2685-1498
    King, R. C.
    Holford, S. P.; orcid: 0000-0002-4524-8822
    Taylor, C. W.
    Publication Date
    2021-10-15
    Submitted date
    2021-06-21
    
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    Abstract
    Abstract: Clays are understood to form the majority of fluid‐flow barriers in faulted reservoirs and numerous fault gouge and fault seal studies have quantified the volumes of smeared and abraded clays create fluid‐flow barriers along fault surfaces. However, clay‐related permeability adjacent to the fault surface, including in the fault damage zone, has largely been neglected. Previous studies have shown the morphology and distribution of unfaulted authigenic clays, and not just clay volume, exert a significant control on the magnitude of permeability. However, fault‐related studies have neither characterized deformed authigenic clays nor addressed their influence on fluid‐flow. In this study laboratory permeabilities of faulted, authigenic clay bearing sandstones sampled from the Otway basin (Australia) and the Orcadian basin (UK) present trends which; (a) do not correspond to expected patterns of fluid‐flow in faulted clay‐bearing sandstones and, (b) cannot be explained using published models of permeability related to changing clay volume. Microscopic analysis shows that faulting has disaggregated authigenic clays and, similarly to framework grain deformation, comminuted and sheared clay grains. However, instead of impeding fluid‐flow, analysis of pore networks (using mercury injection porosimetry) showed that faulting of authigenic clays has increased pore connectivity, contributing to increased magnitude of permeability and development of permeability anisotropy. Contrary to published results of faulting and fluid‐flow in impure sandstones, our results show that fault related processes involving the formation of clays in the fault zone can increase permeability and reduce the capillary threshold pressures of fault rocks relative to the unfaulted host rock.
    Citation
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, volume 126, issue 10, page e2021JB022615
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10034/626107
    Type
    article
    Description
    From Wiley via Jisc Publications Router
    History: received 2021-06-21, rev-recd 2021-09-27, accepted 2021-09-30, pub-print 2021-10, pub-electronic 2021-10-15
    Article version: VoR
    Publication status: Published
    Funder: Leverhulme Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275; Grant(s): ECF‐2020‐560
    Funder: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270; Grant(s): NE/N003063/1
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