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    Paranoia and negative schema about the self and others: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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    Authors
    Humphrey, Charlotte
    Bucci, Sandra
    Varese, Filippo
    Degnan, Amy
    Berry, Katherine; email: katherine.berry@manchester.ac.uk
    Publication Date
    2021-08-30
    Submitted date
    2020-09-10
    
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    Abstract
    Negative self and negative other schema have been implicated in the development of paranoia. The current study provides a meta-analysis, narrative review and quality appraisal of quantitative studies investigating the relationship between negative self and negative other schema and paranoia across the paranoia continuum. A systematic search identified 43 eligible studies; 25 were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analytic findings demonstrated a medium to large relationship between paranoia and negative self-schema (r = 0.46, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.53) and negative other schema (r = 0.48, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.56). The magnitude of associations was similar across people with and without psychosis. Findings demonstrated that associations between negative self-schema and paranoia were not always statistically significant when controlling for confounding variables, particularly depression. The association between negative other schema and paranoia tended to remain significant when controlling for confounding variables. Findings also demonstrated that negative schema may mediate relationships between adverse experiences in childhood and paranoia. Overall, findings support theoretical proposals that both negative self and negative other schema are associated with paranoia. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm the direction of effects. Findings provide support for incorporating and targeting negative self and negative other schema in psychological formulations and therapeutic work. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.]
    Citation
    Clinical psychology review, volume 90, page 102081
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10034/626072
    Type
    article
    Description
    From PubMed via Jisc Publications Router
    History: received 2020-09-10, revised 2021-04-26, accepted 2021-08-24
    Publication status: aheadofprint
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