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    Synthesizing the effects of mental simulation on behavior change: Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis

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    Authors
    Cole, Scott N.
    Smith, Debbie M.
    Ragan, Kathryn
    Suurmond, Robert
    Armitage, Christopher J.; email: chris.armitage@manchester.ac.uk
    Publication Date
    2021-05-04
    
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    Abstract
    Abstract: Mental simulation of future scenarios is hypothesized to affect future behavior, but a large and inconsistent literature means it is unclear whether, and under what conditions, mental simulation can change people’s behavior. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the effects of mental simulation on behavior and examine under what conditions mental simulation works best. An inclusive systematic database search identified 123 (N = 5,685) effect sizes comparing mental simulation to a control group. After applying a multilevel random effects model, a statistically-reliable positive effect of Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI [0.37; 0.62] was found, which was significantly different than zero. Using a taxonomy to identify different subtypes of mental simulation (along two dimensions, class [process, performance, outcome] and purpose [whether an inferior, standard, superior version of that behavior is simulated]), it was found that superior simulations garnered more reliable beneficial effects than inferior simulations. These findings have implications for integrating theories of how mental simulations change behavior, how mental simulations are classified, and may help guide professionals seeking evidence-based and cost-effective methods of changing behavior.
    Citation
    Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, volume 28, issue 5, page 1514-1537
    Publisher
    Springer US
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10034/626068
    Type
    article
    Description
    From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications Router
    History: registration 2021-01-05, online 2021-05-04, pub-electronic 2021-05-04, pub-print 2021-10
    Publication status: Published
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