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    Suprachiasmatic nucleus-dependent and independent outputs driving rhythmic activity in hypothalamic and thalamic neurons

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    Authors
    Harding, Court
    Bechtold, David A.
    Brown, Timothy M.; orcid: 0000-0002-5625-4750; email: timothy.brown@manchester.ac.uk
    Publication Date
    2020-09-30
    Submitted date
    2020-05-29
    
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    Abstract
    Abstract: Background: Daily variations in mammalian physiology are under control of a central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN timing signals are essential for coordinating cellular clocks and associated circadian variations in cell and tissue function across the body; however, direct SCN projections primarily target a restricted set of hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei involved in physiological and behavioural control. The role of the SCN in driving rhythmic activity in these targets remains largely unclear. Here, we address this issue via multielectrode recording and manipulations of SCN output in adult mouse brain slices. Results: Electrical stimulation identifies cells across the midline hypothalamus and ventral thalamus that receive inhibitory input from the SCN and/or excitatory input from the retina. Optogenetic manipulations confirm that SCN outputs arise from both VIP and, more frequently, non-VIP expressing cells and that both SCN and retinal projections almost exclusively target GABAergic downstream neurons. The majority of midline hypothalamic and ventral thalamic neurons exhibit circadian variation in firing and those receiving inhibitory SCN projections consistently exhibit peak activity during epochs when SCN output is low. Physical removal of the SCN confirms that neuronal rhythms in ~ 20% of the recorded neurons rely on central clock input but also reveals many neurons that can express circadian variation in firing independent of any SCN input. Conclusions: We identify cell populations across the midline hypothalamus and ventral thalamus exhibiting SCN-dependent and independent rhythms in neural activity, providing new insight into the mechanisms by which the circadian system generates daily physiological rhythms.
    Citation
    BMC Biology, volume 18, issue 1, page 134
    Publisher
    BioMed Central
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10034/625994
    Type
    article
    Description
    From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications Router
    History: received 2020-05-29, registration 2020-09-17, accepted 2020-09-17, pub-electronic 2020-09-30, online 2020-09-30, collection 2020-12
    Publication status: Published
    Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268; Grant(s): BB/N007115/1
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