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dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhengxiao*
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Christopher J.*
dc.contributor.authorAshworth, Jason J.*
dc.contributor.authorLi, Weili*
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-23T12:32:49Z
dc.date.available2018-02-23T12:32:49Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-08
dc.identifier.citationZhang, Z., Smith, C. J., Ashworth, J. J., & Li, W. (2018). Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Structure Modified Arabinoxylans from Wheat Flour in Cultured Human Monocytes. International Journal of Food Science + Technology, 53(5), 1294-1302. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13710
dc.identifier.issn0950-5423
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/ijfs.13710
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10034/620877
dc.descriptionThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Zhang, Z., Smith, C. J., Ashworth, J. J., & Li, W. (2018). Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Structure Modified Arabinoxylans from Wheat Flour in Cultured Human Monocytes. International Journal of Food Science + Technology, 53(5), 1294-1302. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13710 which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijfs.13710/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
dc.description.abstractThe immunomodulatory activity of the arabinoxylans (AXs) extracts from cereal sources has been reported to impart health benefits in terms of immune enhancement. This study investigated the effect of enzymatic extraction on extraction yield and structure of AXs from wheat flour pentosan fraction. Under the optimised conditions, the extraction yield of AXs reached up to 81.25%. Furthermore, the study determined whether water-extracted AXs (WEAXs) and enzyme-extracted AXs (E-WEAXs) from wheat flour were able to differentially stimulate nitric oxide (NO) secretion through increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U937 monocytes. The results indicated that AXs concomitantly induced (P < 0.05) both NO and iNOS productions in U937 monocytes compared to untreated cells. Compared with WEAXs, E-WEAXs resulted in a higher proportion of low Mw (1–10 KDa) AXs (49.51% vs. 19.11% in WEAXs), a higher A/X ratio (0.83 vs. 0.48 in WEAXs) and a higher yield (12.83 ± 0.35% vs. 7.54 ± 0.47% in WEAXs). Moreover, E-WEAXs induced significantly (P < 0.05) greater NO and iNOS production per million viable cells (61.8 ± 2.7 μm and 42.41 ± 3.83 ng respectively) than WEAXs (51.6 ± 2.6 μm and 33.46 ± 1.48 ng, respectively). The findings suggest AXs may heighten innate immune activity in the absence of infection or disease through an iNOS-mediated stimulation of NO production. The immunomodulatory activity of the wheat-derived AXs was enhanced by enzyme treatment, with low Mw and high A/X ratio associated with elevated NO/iNOS levels in human monocytes compared to water extraction.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.urlhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijfs.13710/fullen
dc.subjectFood Scienceen
dc.subjectBioscienceen
dc.titleRegulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Structure Modified Arabinoxylans from Wheat Flour in Cultured Human Monocytesen
dc.typeArticleen
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2621
dc.contributor.departmentManchester Metropolitan University; University of Chester
dc.identifier.journalInternational Journal of Food Science + Technologyen
dc.date.accepted2017-11-30
or.grant.openaccessYesen
rioxxterms.funderMancheter Metropolitan Universityen
rioxxterms.identifier.projectInternally funded researchen
rioxxterms.versionAMen
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate2019-01-08
html.description.abstractThe immunomodulatory activity of the arabinoxylans (AXs) extracts from cereal sources has been reported to impart health benefits in terms of immune enhancement. This study investigated the effect of enzymatic extraction on extraction yield and structure of AXs from wheat flour pentosan fraction. Under the optimised conditions, the extraction yield of AXs reached up to 81.25%. Furthermore, the study determined whether water-extracted AXs (WEAXs) and enzyme-extracted AXs (E-WEAXs) from wheat flour were able to differentially stimulate nitric oxide (NO) secretion through increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U937 monocytes. The results indicated that AXs concomitantly induced (P < 0.05) both NO and iNOS productions in U937 monocytes compared to untreated cells. Compared with WEAXs, E-WEAXs resulted in a higher proportion of low Mw (1–10 KDa) AXs (49.51% vs. 19.11% in WEAXs), a higher A/X ratio (0.83 vs. 0.48 in WEAXs) and a higher yield (12.83 ± 0.35% vs. 7.54 ± 0.47% in WEAXs). Moreover, E-WEAXs induced significantly (P < 0.05) greater NO and iNOS production per million viable cells (61.8 ± 2.7 μm and 42.41 ± 3.83 ng respectively) than WEAXs (51.6 ± 2.6 μm and 33.46 ± 1.48 ng, respectively). The findings suggest AXs may heighten innate immune activity in the absence of infection or disease through an iNOS-mediated stimulation of NO production. The immunomodulatory activity of the wheat-derived AXs was enhanced by enzyme treatment, with low Mw and high A/X ratio associated with elevated NO/iNOS levels in human monocytes compared to water extraction.


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