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Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale

Smith, Dave
; 
Hale, Bruce
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University College Chester ; University of Maine
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2004-04
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Public Health, Sport and Wellbeing
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Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the bodybuilding dependence scale and to investigate differences in bodybuilding dependence between men and women and competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders. Methods: Seventy two male competitive bodybuilders, 63 female competitive bodybuilders, 87 male non-competitive bodybuilders, and 63 non-competitive female bodybuilders completed the bodybuilding dependence scale (BDS), the exercise dependence questionnaire (EDQ), and the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BDS supported a three factor model of bodybuilding dependence, consisting of social dependence, training dependence, and mastery dependence (Q = 3.16, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.04). Internal reliability of all three subscales was high (Cronbach’s = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively). Significant (p<0.001) and moderate correlations were found between all BDS and MDI subscales, and between five of the eight EDQ subscales. A multivariate analysis of covariance, with univariate F tests and Tukey HSD tests, revealed that both male and female competitive bodybuilders scored significantly (p<0.05) higher on all three BDS subscales than the male and female non-competitive bodybuilders. However, there were no significant sex differences on any of the BDS subscales (p>0.05). Conclusion: The three factor BDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of bodybuilding dependence. Symptoms of bodybuilding dependence are more prevalent in competitive bodybuilders than non-competitive ones, but there are no significant sex differences in bodybuilding dependence.
Citation
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004, 38(2), pp. 177-181
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
Journal
British Journal of Sports Medicine
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http://hdl.handle.net/10034/70634
DOI
10.1136/bjsm.2002.003269
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Article
Language
en
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0306-3674
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This article was submitted to the RAE2008 for the University of Chester - Allied Health Professions and Studies.
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http://bjsm.bmj.com/
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