http://hdl.handle.net/10034/31837 Thu, 20 Jun 2013 10:45:17 GMT 2013-06-20T10:45:17Z http://hdl.handle.net/10034/231711 Title: Physicians’ attitudes towards human papillomavirus vaccination programme: A systematic review Authors: Franco, Maria Flor Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a newly introduced vaccine against cervical cancer in adolescent girls. Uptake of the vaccine will be dependent on parental acceptability and physician recommendation. To review physicians’ attitudes towards HPV vaccine and identify factors that may influence their intent. Also, to determine if there is any difference in the views of different medical specialties with regards to HPV vaccination. Articles were obtained through computerised searches of CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, as well as manual searches in recognised scientific journal. Articles involving physicians’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviour towards HPV vaccine published from 2007 onwards. One reviewer independently assessed relevant studies, risk of bias and data extraction. Twenty nine studies were included in the final review. Twenty four studies used survey for data collection and five studies used interview. Majority of the studies revealed positive view of physicians towards HPV vaccine with high intent to provide vaccination. Barriers identified against HPV vaccination include the following: cost and reimbursement issue; providers concern about vaccine safety; parental concern over vaccine’s safety and efficacy; age is considered too young for vaccination; issue that HPV vaccine could promote sexual activity, recommendation of HPV vaccine from organisations; communication related to sexuality; need for education and other factors like dosing, patient overload, boys should also be vaccinated and parental religious beliefs. No significant difference was noted between specialties with regards to their view about HPV vaccine. Physicians’ role is important in the promotion of HPV vaccine with their high intent and positive attitudes. In order for the HPV vaccination programme to succeed, vaccine should be made available and affordable especially to countries with high incidence of cervical cancer. Thu, 01 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10034/231711 2011-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10034/224092 Title: Parents' and carers' understandings of the nature and purposes of parent-based intervention groups delivered by the paediatric Speech and Language Therapy service in Telford & Wrekin and Shropshire Primary Care Trusts: An exploratory study Authors: Moseley Harris, Barbara Abstract: Speech and language therapists regularly offer indirect group interventions providing parental advice or training, rather than direct treatments for communication-disabled children. Although this has been found to benefit children, there has been little research into the impact of such parent-based intervention groups on parents themselves. This is despite evidence that parents and speech and language therapists have differing perceptions regarding aspects of speech and language therapy and children's communication development. The aim of this study was to explore parents and carers' experiences of attending parent-based intervention groups in a local context, in order to investigate their perceptions of the nature and purposes of the groups they had attended and to develop a preliminary theoretical understanding of their experience. Nine mothers and one father who had completed at least one parent-based intervention course were interviewed. This generated descriptive qualitative data, which was analysed using grounded theory approaches to reflect the parents' priorities and concerns. Themes of parents' experiences of intervention sessions, parental gains during session attendance, intervention facilitating processes of personal change and empowerment, and impacts of parent-based intervention courses in the wider context, were identified. The study findings were used to produce a description, grounded in the data, of parents' understandings of the nature and purposes of parent-based intervention groups in speech and language therapy. Connections were made between the role played by the groups in the experience of parents in the current study and processes of parental adaptation and empowerment described in the literature on chronic illness and disability in children. A theoretical model of parents' experience of parent-based intervention groups was also developed. This study provides a preliminary overview of parents' experiences of parent-based intervention groups and includes a number of findings that support discrete observations and suggestions extant in the literature. It adds to the information available on parents' perceptions of speech and language therapy and indicates areas for further research into the costs and benefits of intervention from a parental perspective. The study findings, connections identified between the groups and processes of parental adaptation and empowerment, and the theoretical model presented have potential implications for clinical practice in the local area and may be transferable to other settings. However, the study was limited in size and scope and further research to test these findings will be required. Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10034/224092 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10034/86777 Title: Exploring the views and experiences of early years practitioners with regard to consultation with children under five Authors: Davies, Sarah Abstract: Recent Government agendas have highlighted a need for children to be involved in policy and service design, provision and evaluation, in relation to services they use or which affect them. This has the aim of producing better services, leading to better outcomes for children. No lower age limit of children has been set for participation policies. While consultation with older children has become more usual in children's services, this is not yet the case for younger children. Relevant literature suggests that the attitudes and beliefs of the adults who work with them can be a significant barrier to the participation of young children. This study aimed to explore the current practice and the experiences, perceptions and views of a sample of professionals who work with children under five years old, with regard to consultation with young children. A qualitative research strategy was selected as appropriate for the study. A cross-sectional study design was utilised and potential research participants were identified through a purposive sampling strategy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of nine early years practitioners. A grounded theory approach to data analysis was used. In exploring current practice amongst the practitioners the study examined definitions and understanding of consultation, use of consultation, and methods of consultation employed. Findings revealed a number of factors that can influence whether or not practitioners consult with young children. The influencing factors included the views, attitudes and beliefs of practitioners with regard to consultation with young children. In particular, their perceptions of children's competence and their understanding of child development, as well as their views of childhood, were found to be important. Additional factors that could be influential included the aims and focus of the service, the ethos of the setting, training opportunities, and current Government policies and initiatives. Three spheres of influence were discovered in which the different factors could have a varying impact upon practice. These were the spheres of the individual practitioner, the service setting, and the wider policy context. Therefore while training for early years practitioners may be important in introducing consultation with young children, service and setting level influences may also need to be addressed. A possible theoretical model was presented as a means of understanding the views, attitudes and practice regarding consultation with young children among the early years practitioners interviewed for the study. The model suggests that the different factors that can influence whether or not practitioners consult with young children are connected and interrelated. There are policy implications of the findings of this study, in signifying what may need to be in place for the Government drive to consult with young children to work in practice. Future research is recommended to further explore these factors, the nature of the relationships between them and the extent to which they can influence practice. Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10034/86777 2006-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10034/85804 Title: The complexities of community involvement in Sure Start local programmes: A case study Authors: Stredder, Katrina Abstract: Sure Start is a Government's scheme, the professed aim of which is to provide a positive commencement to life for children through the integration of early education, childcare, health and family support (Sure Start, 2005b). Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) were considered to be a fundamental aspect of this agenda (Sure Start 2005b). At the time of writing, SSLPs were transforming into Children's Centres (Glass, 2005). Strikingly, it has been claimed that the 'involvement' of the 'community', is the fundamental principle of SSLPs (Eisenstadt, 2002). Furthermore, anecdotal evidence suggests that SSLPs are considered to have a relatively unique approach to 'community involvement'. However, what 'community involvement' in SSLPs means in practice is largely unreported. Markedly, research into this area has concentrated on the formal mechanisms of 'community involvement' such as Management Boards and Parents' Forums (Marrow and Malin, 2004; Hassan, Spencer and Hogard, 2006; Briant, 2004; Lomas and Hannon, 2005 and Johnson, 2004). Consequently, this research aimed to explore 'community involvement' across SSLPs more broadly in order to address this identified gap in the literature. This research was fundamentally a case study of a particular SSLP. It utilised focus groups, with both service users and staff members, as a method of data generation. Additionally, it adopted the fundamental principles of a grounded theory approach to data analysis (Charmaz, 2006). The key finding of this research was that both staff and service users perceived the fundamental aspect of 'community involvement' to be the form of relationship developed between them. In particular, the informal nature of this relationship was stressed and highly valued. Thus, it may be considered essential that staff within Children's Centres develop such informal relationships with service users in order for families to access services in the first instance and for the services to be successful in meeting outcomes. In addition, staff within other initiatives and perhaps statutory services could benefit from the development of such informal relationships. A further implication of the high value placed on these informal relationships, is that the mode of measuring 'community involvement' within SSLPs should be altered. A move from measuring the number of 'community' representatives on the Management Board to a more exploratory investigation of the perceived quality of staff-service user relationships would be more useful and relevant. Other findings from this research should be carefully considered for the transition to Children's Centres and perhaps beyond. Areas for potential improvement include the extent to which the 'same few faces' are 'involved' and service users being more thoroughly informed regarding policy changes. More positive aspects of SSLPs which could be taken forward to Children's Centres include, the means of accessing the so called 'hard to reach' through Family Partnership Workers, outreach services, and free services and innovative informal volunteering opportunities, including one off activities and simply 'mucking in'. In addition, there were noticeable differences in the perceptions of different groups of staff members regarding the priority placed on 'community involvement' which should be explored further. Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10034/85804 2006-10-01T00:00:00Z